Genetic strength in the environment

Genetic strength in the environment
How did people's personality take shape? Is it congenital or bring up? Roughly there are three kinds of answers: First, the determinism of heredity, second, environmental determinism, third, the heredity and common determinism of environment. Even to this day, there are actually few people who hold first two kinds of extreme views, most people believe personality is the result that heredity and environment act on together. But this seems that not proving fundamentally that genetic, and the external environment condition has been problems of how to work together on earth. The intersection of U.S.A. and famous Wright, William of reporter, accumulate, think " the strength of gene " that write 40 year A book, have fully discussed the psychology, behavioral genetics and research results about the genetic impact on behavior and personality of mole cular biology in recent years from the visual angle of the academic research, use " not sharing the environment " The concept, try hard to explain this question. Do not " share the environment " Put forward quickly by the psychologist of University of Virginia Sandra and Scull and behavioral gen eticist of University of Pennsylvania and Robert general Lip river at first, they explain the individual difference of children growing up in the same environmental condition wit h this concept. So-called " not sharing the environment " Direct against the individual's special environment, it may be only a thing or condition which children goes through, for example long-term disease or treating rudely by parents, and what the child of minimum received is especially treated; Also may be the incident in pregnancy period - -Oxygen deficiency or lacking the nutrition, bacterial infection, various non-hereditary accidental events,etc.. As to " Do not share the environment " " share the environment " ,Namely factors such as family background, state of the school, neighbourhood rela tion and national rela tion in a normal sense ,etc.. Their finding: Sh are the environment and only play insignificant function in the development of personality, in fact, it is much greater not to share the function that the environment plays. Children's difference is caused by sharing the environment. Just as Scull points out: " The development of children of general difference among the families scarcely influences, unless this family is outside the range of normal development. " This kind share environment, include individual environment that children mould include, come from genotype environment of parents also. The author thinks, children will influence their environment, will often not create " suitable to be one's own " which siblings share with it Environment. Parents, teacher and people around all react to different children in a special way. For example, the parents who innately unruly children faced are far different from siblings with good behavior of he or her (angry and reprimand and compare with smiling and caring about) . This view is that one sent out to traditional psychology is challenged directly. Because of these decades, people have thought the environment is the external strength, it is a kind of external factor. And the author thinks the individual environment is formed through children's own congenital differen ce to a great extent, and such congenital difference was got through hereditary natural endowment. The gene has not only made children also created their own environment effectively. If what the gene is created is that one are good and excited, child apt to flare up , then his parents treat him and display good siblings will be very different. He makes one's own environment different from other people. In the school, the active, absent minded child will find oneself is in the face of the teacher easy to intimidate, unfriendly, but this teacher is very good to the top student. Push this kind of situation to the extreme, the child that great majority like making the thing, getting into trouble, perhaps wi ll find that has entered the prison of special school, asylums or young criminal by oneself in the course of growing up. This is an example that totally changes one's own environment successfully. People have already confirmed now: Gene and environment are contacted closely. Each child has one's own unique hereditary structure and unique environmental factor, its proportion is determined by the fact that the child is genetic. This new view makes the traditional one hereditary - -Environmental mode take place very great change, weaken people mould decisive the intersection of strength and faith of view this of children to envir onment for a long time greatly. The so-called genotype environment of coming from parents is that one creating and developing is new that Scull and general Lip river wait for someone quickly " The environment " Concept. This kind of environment does not the gene display one's own independence in but different entities, but the result produced with those change intensity of gene, namely think the basic environment that children begin life is unable to break away from heredity - -Influence of parents' gene. People thought in the past, if children grew up in a family that liked animal, surrounded by pet's institute, this kind of ambient condition is considered to know the environmental factor understood, think naturally this is the reason why a child likes the animal. However, with the enlargement of the hereditary view, the pet everywhere in the room, as a kind of phenomenon, thought to be a genetic factor with parents at least partly, parents' basic natural instincts factor makes them different from other people. If parents like animal's foundation with the gene, these genes can be well inherited by the offspring to a certain extent. The traditional psychological view thinks pets are a kind of environmental impact moulded out, and find now pets and child liking to the pet may all be the genetic behavior that parents and child own in common. The impact on child of family th at it is the book everywhere in the room is the same, these b ooks may be the reflection of parents' gene, but not strict environmental factor. If one publishes and likes the book since the child of this kind of family grows up, people are unable to judge this kind of fondness comes from the environment of occupying the book, coming from inherits the gene that parents love the book. The love of the sea of the children growing up in the port city may be the condition that he is raise d, also perhaps because parents choose this because has genes which loves the sea living in peace, this kind of gene is inherited by children. If it is one kind of the last correct in explanation, the seashore is not a kind of environment of working, but a kind of environment including hereditary meaning. The environment that we have is now: Parents' gene plays some function, children's gene plays some function too. In this old heredity - -In the environmental mode, can find full of hereditary genetic factors in the environmental factor too. Richard of people geneticist the intersection of Levin and man of Harvard University say among the bo oks in their science of heredity work " living beings in the idea " : " The organism is acting on its environment bit by bit in fact. In this sense, the environment of the organism has been encoded by their DNA Therefore, the reason why children's personality is different, did not think in the past, namely determine by the general environment, were caused by individual's different sharing the environment. If the individuals of children do not share the environment widely different, the difference then between the individuals of children is just very great. Select from

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