Is it difficult to grow a healthy clever beautiful baby?

Is it difficult to grow a healthy, clever, beautiful baby?
Three years ago, a " clone the storm" Shock the whole world; Three years later, a life scientific payoff with more far-reaching meaning emerges: Cooperated by the scientist in whole world " The Human Genome Project " ,Present its most important frame picture, " human genome DNA array picture " on May 8 Deadline will be advanced to June of 2001 too, books from heaven of the human life will be all understood by the scientists when the time comes. Invite, get Nanjing join southeast the intersection of institution of higher education and Yang HuanMing Professor that will can move Dong, it is a Chinese coordinator of international organization of the Human Genome Project, it is a director of the centre of the human genome of heredity of Chinese Academy of Sciences too. Recently, he accepted the reporter's special visit, and answered several " simple questions " that reporters put forward full of interestly . Reporter (hereafter referred to as and write) : " the Human Genome Project " How big is it? HuanMing Yang (hereafter referred to as Yang) : Cooperated by the scientist of country of world six including China " The Human Genome Project " ,With " Manhattan " Atomic bomb plan, " Apollo " Landing-on-the-moon plan, and is called " three plans " in the natural history of science ,But its impact on mankind itself, will far exceed another two plans. The human hereditary material is DNA, its total is a human genome, right to make up by about 3 billion bases, in 23 pairs of chromosome distributed in nucleus. " the Human Genome Project " Core,it determine all of human genomes DNA array, there are for pieces of astronomical figure on 3 billion, can be said and understand the plan of the book from heaven of the life too in this plan. The ones that participated in this plan included U.S.A., Britain, Japan, China, Germany, French first-class scientist, China has done 1% of the whole plan. Although is 1%, of great significance. Write: Will people have one's own manuals? Yang: Shortly after a few years in,it is it with mankind itself to by every one people by manual, it is that one tells the structoure of the human body and operates the guide of the situation completely, endanger 5000th multi-type hereditary disease and cancer, cardiovascular vessel disease, arthritis, diabetes, hypertension, psychosis closely related to heredity in human health,etc. when the time comes, can all be diagnosed and treated in early days. In addition, when a neonate was borned, if the law was allowed, if his parents were willing, can get the child's genetic photo groups. This picture, will record all secrets and personal secrets of a life. After it not only can manifest this child and grow up, it is a achromatopsia, how high to probably grow, can go bald, get fat, can tell parents accurately: It is some diseases, when may will kill this child. Write: Can such a manual be disclosed? Yang: Can't it's time. If not, the future that will know too much oneself, have no advantage to one's own life quality; The insurance company will totally understand your health, for example know what disease will grow at the age of 40, some insurance of yours will be refused; The company will follow you " The manual " Determine whether to hire you or not. " manual " Should who keep, the law will have statements then. Write: Is it difficult to grow a healthy, clever, most beautiful baby? Yang: All diseases of mankind are genetic diseases, " diseases " in a certain meaning Possibility,paint in blueprint of gene already before child born, so, parents can require before the child was born in that analyzed that predicted the risk through heredity, so it is easy to grow a healthy, clever baby. Grow a most beautiful baby, can accomplish technically, but can't do in this way. Write: In future, how does the doctor diagnose the illness? Yang: In future, when all gene sequences of examining a person are not so expensive, it is much more convenient to see the doctor. Record people's genetic seal in a CD, while diagnosing, the doctor opens the CD first, check several possible ones at first " The candidate gene " ,And click and find out important area, important gene, important location; See again what is needed to pay attention to, because " situation " of the genome Different, it is efficacious that someone uses a certain medicine, it is not efficacious that someone uses, even there are life dangers, to the individual difference, the doctor opens " specific drug " Come on. Write: Can cure the disease while taking medicine? Yang: In recent years, " genome industry " In the ascendant, serum albumin for producing people can come with the chicken, urge to grow the erythrocyte producing people with chicken, ox, sheep, pig plainly. Such chickens, ox, sheep, pig have been transferred to into the gene, calls " transgenic animal " ,This technology lets " Transgenic technology " . Nowadays, transgenic technology has already been used on plant, has regarded plant as " bioreactor " . In the green and lush field, can grow the wheat containing vitamin A, C, includes the dish of animal's albumen Not needing a few years, it must be a bit more careful to go to the supermarket to buy the fruit, vegetables: The apple against cold, anti- hepatitis pear, can't eat arbitrarily. Write: Does the fat person become lean person's trouble? Yang: As the experimental animal, it is quite great that little white mouse contributes. Human fat gene, was found in white mouse first while as a child. Have one little white mouse take and then little to get fat, the big fat mouse gives birth to the little fat mouse, this is " heredity " (used after an attribute). This is the property, there are properties that have genes, there is location that is clicked, there is " become fat " Allele,yes "no fat " Allele. Scientist " Non- fat " Allele injection get " Fat " The little mouse becomes effective in January on one's body, " fat " Little mouse why wipe out originally fat then even. According to little genome and corresponding relation of genome of people of mouse, scientist " fat " in the genome of people The gene is found out too. " non- fat " Allele and " become fat " Allele structure getting more similar still very,to have only is so little and different. Can not use 10 years, the medicine letting the fat person reduce weight would presented, at that time, it was very easy thing that the fat person thought it thin. Write: Will organ transplant be very convenient? Yang: Transfer people's relevant genes to another kind of animal, make it longer than people's organ, this is " The transgenic organ " . The first animal standing for election is a pig, because pig and people are close relatives on the evolution, kidney, heart structure are similar to people, and the pig grows fast, grows up in more than 10 months. To the patient needing to transplant the heart, the pig really offer meat as well as offers " love " (used after a verb to indicate the completion of an action). Use transgenic technology, let the intersection of heart and long heart of adult of pig, take, solve to repel problem different kinds of heart first, must repel gene, change people into too immunity of pig, change the intersection of pig and related to development, function of the heart gene into people's too and then, and should change into and the person who needs heart is totally the same, " pig's heart people " like this Cheng Zhen (used after a verb to indicate the completion of an action). The progress in this respect is very fast, can well expect to replace various organs of people's with pig in this century. But operate carefully, otherwise the person's gene leaks on the pork, that pig will be longer than " people's meat " (used after a verb to indicate the completion of an action). Write: How oldly can people live to? Yang: Otherwise a lot of year,can follow by " it is genetic picture " people " Adjust one's own life style, make oneself in the best life environment, it is out of question to live for 150 years old like this. Now, scientists can already set aside the biological clock of the moving body, if " biological clock " The question has been solved, people can live to the age of 500. Certainly, scientific development take, favorable to progress of mankind, mankind pursue longevity overly, have no advantage to human itself. So, scientists will shoulder human whole responsibility, some things can not be done. Write: Can cancer be prevented? Yang: Genetic disease much, refer to most human disease, it is cancer, for diabetes, osteoporosis, the intersection of old age and dull-witted, hypertension,etc. China to be serious. It is more than one to click in the pathogenic location of these diseases, like a long roller chain which has a lot of chain rings, any link has gone out of order, will all be problematic. The relevant genes of these diseases can be called the apt perceptual gene, can pass to the offspring. The gene is diagnosed to brief on " It is easy to be perceptual " And then, can be through changing the diet, life style, adjust the expression of the relevant gene to a certain extent. Such as lung cancer, if it is easy and perceptual to have in the gene is diagnosed, probably comparatively sensitive to smoking, not smoking, small if the possibility of lung cancer happens. Write: How to manage gene therapy? Yang: In fact, all medicines so far, even " psychotherapy " ,Through decorating the structure of the gene, regulate, change the gene expression of the human body, change the function of the genetic product and work, this is indirect " gene therapy " . The real one " Gene therapy " ,Send the gene in human cells to give play to and treat the efficiency directly, such as " genetic products " Person insulin, people growth hormone,used in by treatments clinical already extensively. " gene therapy " Not merely find the pathogenic difference between allele and normal allele, also have " Treat the gene " . Sending the therapeutic gene to the human body has a lot of methods. There is one kind now " The genetic rifle " ,Like rifle, the bullet is made of gold, very thin and very thin, so detailed that can be sucked and vomit again by cells, it affixes " Treat the gene " Enter cells, after being sprung by cells, " treat carriers " But stay inside. Write: Human genome, can let people see " Adam " With " Eve " (used at the end of a question)? Yang: Study people's genome, can know how monkeys became people. Ancient times " The monkey " (or ancient ape) ,Why did a part become a monkey of today, a part becomes a person of today, so long as find out people's genome, find out the genome of the monkey, reason that to, those differences are than of the two. Now, " the Human Genome Project " And other research results, there is a statement of making persons can't believe: Really there is one the mankind " Eve " ! All persons on the earth now, are all a African woman's offsprings. This woman probably survived 200,000 years ago. Recently, spreading the studying of the son's Y chromosome but the father proves, " Adam " It is Africans too. It is really inconceivable, have not Chinese already explored out the ape-man fossil? Still use the technical appraisement of modern isotope " Age " . Write: Can the gene make money? Yang: The gene is the money. The cloning of a gene, can form the industry of that gene. With " the Human Genome Project " Progress,rise already and the ones more genome industry risen,prospect large much than color TV, refrigerator, car even computer of it. Now, all pharmaceuticalses in U.S.A., all make the investment on this. One quark of therapeutic companies of the west, claim to clone to the asthma base, the stock much rises time. Parents of U.S.A., in order to let one's own short child grow tall, inject plain genetic medicine of a growth for children, it has for 5 years in succession, that is to say, a child spends 250,000 dollars to cost 50,000 dollars one year. Write: Can one's own genetic picture be made into the small brand card and hand-carried? Yang: There is ID card which is recorded the personal gene in the future, such a ID card use is numerous. When the police check the identity, only need to use the carry-on genetic detector, brush as paying by credit card, whether it is you, relevant problems needing to understand have been all solved.

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